I-Alnico Magnet
I-Alnico (AlNiCo) ingeyokuqala eyakhiwe uzibuthe unomphela yenziwe nge-aluminium, i-nickel, i-cobalt, insimbi kanye nezinye izinsimbi zokulandela ukwakheka kwe-alloy.Ngokwenqubo yokukhiqiza ehlukene ihlukaniswe yaba i-Alnico e-sintered (i-Sintered AlNiCo), kanye ne-cast aluminium nickel kanye cobalt (Cast AlNiCo).Umumo womkhiqizo wendilinga nesikwele. Imikhiqizo ye-Sintered enomkhawulo omncane, ukukhiqizwa kwayo ngenxa yokubekezelelana okungalungile kungcono kunomkhiqizo owenziwe ngamarasha ongaba ukusebenza kangcono.
Ama-alnico alloys angakwazi ukudonsa uzibuthe ukuze akhiqize amandla kazibuthe aqinile futhi abe nokuphoqeleka okuphezulu (ukumelana ne-demagnetization), ngaleyo ndlela enze ozibuthe abaqinile abangapheli. Komazibuthe abavame ukutholakala, yizibuthe eziyivelakancane kuphela ezinjengama-neodymium nesamarium-cobalt anamandla. Ozibuthe be-Alnico bakhiqiza amandla kazibuthe ezigxotsheni zabo aze afike ku-1500 gausses (0.15 teslas), noma cishe izikhathi ezingu-3000 amandla omhlaba kazibuthe. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-alnico ziyi-isotropic futhi zingenziwa zibuthe ngokuyimpumelelo kunoma iyiphi indlela. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-alnico 5 kanye ne-alnico 8, ziyi-anisotropic, ngayinye inendlela encanyelwayo yokwenza uzibuthe, noma umumo. Ama-alloys e-anisotropic ngokuvamile anamandla kazibuthe amakhulu endaweni ekhethwayo kunezinhlobo ze-isotropic. I-Alnico's remanence (Br) ingase yeqe ku-12,000 G (1.2 T), ukuphoqelelwa kwayo (Hc) kungaba kufika ku-1000 oersteds (80 kA/m), umkhiqizo wayo wamandla ((BH) max) ungafika ku-5.5 MG·Oe ( 44 T·A/m). Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-alnico ingakhiqiza ukugeleza kazibuthe okuqinile kumasekhethi kazibuthe avaliwe, kodwa inokumelana okuncane uma iqhathaniswa ne-demagnetization. Amandla ensimu ezigxotsheni zanoma yimuphi uzibuthe unomphela ancike kakhulu ekubunjweni futhi ngokuvamile angaphansi kwamandla e-remanence wento.
Ingxubevange ye-Alnico inamazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu e-Curie anoma iyiphi into kazibuthe, engaba ngu-800 °C (1,470 °F), nakuba izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokusebenza ngokuvamile likhawulelwe cishe ku-538 °C (1,000 °F).[4] Yibo kuphela omazibuthe abanozibuthe abawusizo ngisho noma ishiswa ngokubomvu.[5] Lesi sakhiwo, kanye nokushwabana kwayo nendawo encibilikayo ephezulu, kuwumphumela wokuthambekela okuqinile kokuhleleka ngenxa yokuhlangana kwe-intermetallic phakathi kwe-aluminium nezinye izakhi. Baphinde bangabanye bomazibuthe abazinzile uma bephathwa kahle. Ozibuthe be-Alnico basebenza ngogesi, ngokungafani nozibuthe be-ceramic.
Ozibuthe be-Alnico basetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zezimboni nezabathengi lapho kudingeka khona izibuthe ezinamandla; izibonelo amamotho kagesi, ama-pickup wesiginci sikagesi, imibhobho, izinzwa, izipikha, amashubhu kamagnetron, nozibuthe bezinkomo. Ezinhlelweni eziningi zithathelwa indawo yizibuthe zasemhlabeni ezingavamile, izinkambu zazo eziqinile (Br) kanye nemikhiqizo yamandla emikhulu (BHmax) evumela omazibuthe abanosayizi abancane ukuthi basetshenziselwe isicelo esinikeziwe.
